diff --git a/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.jsx b/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.jsx
index 5ea32a6..19e8804 100644
--- a/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.jsx
+++ b/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.jsx
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ const CriteriaTab = () => {
     } finally { setSaving(false); }
   };
 
-  if (loading || !c) return <p className="lst-empty">불러오는 중…</p>;
+  if (loading) return <p className="lst-empty">불러오는 중…</p>;
+  if (!c) return <p className="lst-error">{msg || '조건을 불러오지 못했습니다.'}</p>;
 
   return (
     <section className="lst-panel">
diff --git a/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.test.jsx b/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.test.jsx
index 1e00c45..bc60174 100644
--- a/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.test.jsx
+++ b/src/pages/listings/components/CriteriaTab.test.jsx
@@ -21,4 +21,11 @@ describe('CriteriaTab', () => {
     expect(screen.getByLabelText(/연소득/)).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByDisplayValue('신대방동, 상도동')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
+
+  it('로드 실패 시 무한 로딩 대신 에러를 표시', async () => {
+    getListingsCriteria.mockRejectedValue(new Error('HTTP 500'));
+    render(<CriteriaTab />);
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText(/불러오지 못했|HTTP 500/)).toBeInTheDocument());
+    expect(screen.queryByText('불러오는 중…')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
 });