diff --git a/backend/app/generator.py b/backend/app/generator.py
index 623bccb..bf14c93 100644
--- a/backend/app/generator.py
+++ b/backend/app/generator.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional
 
 from .db import _conn, save_recommendation_dedup, get_latest_draw, get_all_draw_numbers
 from .recommender import recommend_numbers
-from .main import calc_metrics, calc_recent_overlap  # main에 있는 헬퍼 재사용(순환참조 주의 필요 -> 사실 헬퍼는 utils로 빼는게 좋으나 일단 진행)
+from .utils import calc_metrics, calc_recent_overlap
 
 # 순환 참조 방지를 위해 main.py의 calc_metrics 등을 utils.py가 아닌 여기서 재정의하거나 
 # main.py에서 generator를 import할 때 함수 내부에서 하도록 처리.
diff --git a/backend/app/main.py b/backend/app/main.py
index fbd5bb8..f6813cf 100644
--- a/backend/app/main.py
+++ b/backend/app/main.py
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ from .db import (
 from .recommender import recommend_numbers
 from .collector import sync_latest, sync_ensure_all
 from .generator import generate_smart_recommendations
+from .generator import generate_smart_recommendations
 from .checker import check_results_for_draw
+from .utils import calc_metrics, calc_recent_overlap
 
 app = FastAPI()
 scheduler = BackgroundScheduler(timezone=os.getenv("TZ", "Asia/Seoul"))
@@ -20,64 +22,6 @@ scheduler = BackgroundScheduler(timezone=os.getenv("TZ", "Asia/Seoul"))
 ALL_URL = os.getenv("LOTTO_ALL_URL", "https://smok95.github.io/lotto/results/all.json")
 LATEST_URL = os.getenv("LOTTO_LATEST_URL", "https://smok95.github.io/lotto/results/latest.json")
 
-def calc_metrics(numbers: List[int]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    nums = sorted(numbers)
-    s = sum(nums)
-    odd = sum(1 for x in nums if x % 2 == 1)
-    even = len(nums) - odd
-    mn, mx = nums[0], nums[-1]
-    rng = mx - mn
-
-    # 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-45
-    buckets = {
-        "1-10": 0,
-        "11-20": 0,
-        "21-30": 0,
-        "31-40": 0,
-        "41-45": 0,
-    }
-    for x in nums:
-        if 1 <= x <= 10:
-            buckets["1-10"] += 1
-        elif 11 <= x <= 20:
-            buckets["11-20"] += 1
-        elif 21 <= x <= 30:
-            buckets["21-30"] += 1
-        elif 31 <= x <= 40:
-            buckets["31-40"] += 1
-        else:
-            buckets["41-45"] += 1
-
-    return {
-        "sum": s,
-        "odd": odd,
-        "even": even,
-        "min": mn,
-        "max": mx,
-        "range": rng,
-        "buckets": buckets,
-    }
-
-def calc_recent_overlap(numbers: List[int], draws: List[Tuple[int, List[int]]], last_k: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    """
-    draws: [(drw_no, [n1..n6]), ...] 오름차순
-    last_k: 최근 k회 기준 중복
-    """
-    if last_k <= 0:
-        return {"last_k": 0, "repeats": 0, "repeated_numbers": []}
-
-    recent = draws[-last_k:] if len(draws) >= last_k else draws
-    recent_set = set()
-    for _, nums in recent:
-        recent_set.update(nums)
-
-    repeated = sorted(set(numbers) & recent_set)
-    return {
-        "last_k": len(recent),
-        "repeats": len(repeated),
-        "repeated_numbers": repeated,
-    }
-
 @app.on_event("startup")
 def on_startup():
     init_db()
diff --git a/backend/app/utils.py b/backend/app/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07ddd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from typing import List, Dict, Any, Tuple
+
+def calc_metrics(numbers: List[int]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    nums = sorted(numbers)
+    s = sum(nums)
+    odd = sum(1 for x in nums if x % 2 == 1)
+    even = len(nums) - odd
+    mn, mx = nums[0], nums[-1]
+    rng = mx - mn
+
+    # 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-45
+    buckets = {
+        "1-10": 0,
+        "11-20": 0,
+        "21-30": 0,
+        "31-40": 0,
+        "41-45": 0,
+    }
+    for x in nums:
+        if 1 <= x <= 10:
+            buckets["1-10"] += 1
+        elif 11 <= x <= 20:
+            buckets["11-20"] += 1
+        elif 21 <= x <= 30:
+            buckets["21-30"] += 1
+        elif 31 <= x <= 40:
+            buckets["31-40"] += 1
+        else:
+            buckets["41-45"] += 1
+
+    return {
+        "sum": s,
+        "odd": odd,
+        "even": even,
+        "min": mn,
+        "max": mx,
+        "range": rng,
+        "buckets": buckets,
+    }
+
+def calc_recent_overlap(numbers: List[int], draws: List[Tuple[int, List[int]]], last_k: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    draws: [(drw_no, [n1..n6]), ...] 오름차순
+    last_k: 최근 k회 기준 중복
+    """
+    if last_k <= 0:
+        return {"last_k": 0, "repeats": 0, "repeated_numbers": []}
+
+    recent = draws[-last_k:] if len(draws) >= last_k else draws
+    recent_set = set()
+    for _, nums in recent:
+        recent_set.update(nums)
+
+    repeated = sorted(set(numbers) & recent_set)
+    return {
+        "last_k": len(recent),
+        "repeats": len(repeated),
+        "repeated_numbers": repeated,
+    }