diff --git a/music-lab/app/pipeline/orchestrator.py b/music-lab/app/pipeline/orchestrator.py
index a842f2c..fc4c39b 100644
--- a/music-lab/app/pipeline/orchestrator.py
+++ b/music-lab/app/pipeline/orchestrator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """파이프라인 오케스트레이터 — 단계별 BackgroundTask 등록 및 산출물 → DB 반영."""
+import asyncio
 import json
 import logging
 import os
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ async def _run_video(p, track):
     vd = setup["visual_defaults"]
     audio_path = track.get("file_path") or _local_path(track.get("audio_url", ""))
     cover_path = _local_path(p["cover_url"])
-    out = video.generate(
+    out = await asyncio.to_thread(
+        video.generate,
         pipeline_id=p["id"], audio_path=audio_path, cover_path=cover_path,
         genre=track.get("genre", "default"),
         duration_sec=track.get("duration_sec", 120),
@@ -117,8 +119,11 @@ async def _run_video(p, track):
 
 async def _run_thumb(p, track, feedback):
     video_path = _local_path(p["video_url"])
-    out = thumb.generate(pipeline_id=p["id"], video_path=video_path,
-                         track_title=track.get("title", ""), overlay_text=True)
+    out = await asyncio.to_thread(
+        thumb.generate,
+        pipeline_id=p["id"], video_path=video_path,
+        track_title=track.get("title", ""), overlay_text=True,
+    )
     return {"next_state": "thumb_pending", "fields": {"thumbnail_url": out["url"]}}
 
 
@@ -152,7 +157,8 @@ async def _run_publish(p, track):
     setup = db.get_youtube_setup()
     meta = json.loads(p["metadata_json"]) if p.get("metadata_json") else {}
     privacy = setup["publish_policy"].get("privacy", "private")
-    result = youtube.upload_video(
+    result = await asyncio.to_thread(
+        youtube.upload_video,
         video_path=_local_path(p["video_url"]),
         thumbnail_path=_local_path(p["thumbnail_url"]) if p.get("thumbnail_url") else None,
         metadata=meta, privacy=privacy,