diff --git a/src/App.css b/src/App.css
index f1b0b1b..57c0ade 100644
--- a/src/App.css
+++ b/src/App.css
@@ -26,18 +26,25 @@
     }
 }
 
+.suspend-loading {
+    display: grid;
+    place-items: center;
+    min-height: 50vh;
+}
+
 @keyframes fadeUp {
     from {
         opacity: 0;
         transform: translateY(16px);
     }
+
     to {
         opacity: 1;
         transform: translateY(0);
     }
 }
 
-.site-main > * {
+.site-main>* {
     animation: fadeUp 0.6s ease both;
 }
 
@@ -67,4 +74,4 @@
 
 .button.ghost {
     background: transparent;
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/App.jsx b/src/App.jsx
index 1befa3f..49b766f 100644
--- a/src/App.jsx
+++ b/src/App.jsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import { Outlet } from 'react-router-dom';
 import Navbar from './components/Navbar';
+import Loading from './components/Loading';
 import './App.css';
 
 function App() {
@@ -8,7 +9,9 @@ function App() {
         <div className="app-shell">
             <Navbar />
             <main className="site-main">
-                <Outlet />
+                <React.Suspense fallback={<div className="suspend-loading"><Loading /></div>}>
+                    <Outlet />
+                </React.Suspense>
             </main>
         </div>
     );
diff --git a/src/api.js b/src/api.js
index a080079..3c79907 100644
--- a/src/api.js
+++ b/src/api.js
@@ -4,20 +4,19 @@ const API_BASE = import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE || "";
 const toApiUrl = (path) => {
   if (!API_BASE) return path;
 
-  const baseClean = API_BASE.replace(/\/+$/, "");
-  const baseForJoin = `${baseClean}/`;
-  const normalizedPath = path.startsWith("/") ? path.slice(1) : path;
-  let pathForJoin = normalizedPath;
-
-  if (baseClean.endsWith("/api") && normalizedPath.startsWith("api/")) {
-    pathForJoin = normalizedPath.slice(4);
-  }
-
   try {
-    const baseUrl = new URL(baseForJoin, window.location.origin);
-    return new URL(pathForJoin, baseUrl).toString();
+    const base = new URL(API_BASE, window.location.origin);
+    // Ensure base pathname ends with '/' if it's not the root or if likely intended as a directory
+    if (!base.pathname.endsWith('/')) {
+        base.pathname += '/';
+    }
+    
+    // Remove leading slash from path to avoid double slashes when joining
+    const cleanPath = path.startsWith('/') ? path.slice(1) : path;
+    
+    return new URL(cleanPath, base).toString();
   } catch (error) {
-    console.warn("Invalid VITE_API_BASE, falling back to relative URL.", error);
+    console.error("Invalid VITE_API_BASE configuration:", error);
     return path;
   }
 };
diff --git a/src/components/Loading.css b/src/components/Loading.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fa3ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/Loading.css
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+.loading-spinner {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    padding: 20px;
+    gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.loading-spinner__circle {
+    width: 32px;
+    height: 32px;
+    border: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
+    border-radius: 50%;
+    border-top-color: var(--accent, #f7a8a5);
+    animation: spin 0.8s linear infinite;
+}
+
+.loading-spinner__text {
+    font-size: 13px;
+    color: var(--muted, #b6b1a9);
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+@keyframes spin {
+    to {
+        transform: rotate(360deg);
+    }
+}
+
+.loading-skeleton {
+    display: grid;
+    gap: 12px;
+    padding: 16px;
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+.loading-skeleton__line {
+    height: 16px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: linear-gradient(
+        90deg, 
+        rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 25%, 
+        rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 50%, 
+        rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 75%
+    );
+    background-size: 200% 100%;
+    animation: pulse 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes pulse {
+    0% {
+        background-position: 200% 0;
+    }
+    100% {
+        background-position: -200% 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/components/Loading.jsx b/src/components/Loading.jsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917f910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/Loading.jsx
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import React from 'react';
+import './Loading.css';
+
+const Loading = ({ type = 'spinner', message = '로딩 중...' }) => {
+    if (type === 'skeleton') {
+        return (
+            <div className="loading-skeleton">
+                <div className="loading-skeleton__line" style={{ width: '60%' }}></div>
+                <div className="loading-skeleton__line" style={{ width: '80%' }}></div>
+                <div className="loading-skeleton__line" style={{ width: '40%' }}></div>
+            </div>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <div className="loading-spinner">
+            <div className="loading-spinner__circle"></div>
+            {message && <p className="loading-spinner__text">{message}</p>}
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+export default Loading;
diff --git a/src/pages/stock/Stock.css b/src/pages/stock/Stock.css
index d2fc6eb..c439647 100644
--- a/src/pages/stock/Stock.css
+++ b/src/pages/stock/Stock.css
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 .stock {
     display: grid;
     gap: 28px;
+    /* Prevent overflow on small screens */
+    width: 100%;
 }
 
 .stock-header {
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@
     font-size: 13px;
 }
 
-.stock-status > div {
+.stock-status>div {
     display: flex;
     justify-content: space-between;
     gap: 12px;
@@ -536,15 +538,39 @@
 }
 
 @media (max-width: 768px) {
+    .stock {
+        gap: 20px;
+    }
+
     .stock-panel {
         padding: 16px;
+        gap: 12px;
+    }
+
+    .stock-filter-row {
+        gap: 12px;
+        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+    }
+
+    .stock-header h1 {
+        font-size: 28px;
+    }
+
+    .stock-actions {
+        width: 100%;
+    }
+
+    .stock-actions .button {
+        flex: 1;
+        text-align: center;
+        justify-content: center;
     }
 
     .stock-card {
         padding: 16px;
     }
 
-    .stock-status > div {
+    .stock-status>div {
         gap: 8px;
     }
 
@@ -568,13 +594,19 @@
     }
 
     .stock-holdings__metric {
-        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
+        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
         align-items: center;
         justify-items: start;
+        gap: 8px 16px;
+    }
+
+    /* Make the last item span full width if it's odd */
+    .stock-holdings__metric>*:last-child:nth-child(odd) {
+        grid-column: 1 / -1;
     }
 
     .stock-holdings__metric span {
-        font-size: 12px;
+        font-size: 11px;
     }
 
     .stock-holdings__metric strong {
@@ -591,4 +623,4 @@
     .stock-holdings__metric strong {
         font-size: 14px;
     }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/pages/stock/Stock.jsx b/src/pages/stock/Stock.jsx
index 2749326..d410c36 100644
--- a/src/pages/stock/Stock.jsx
+++ b/src/pages/stock/Stock.jsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { getStockIndices, getStockNews } from '../../api';
+import Loading from '../../components/Loading';
 import './Stock.css';
 
 const formatDate = (value) => {
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ const Stock = () => {
                     </div>
                     <div className="stock-panel__actions">
                         {indicesLoading ? (
-                            <span className="stock-chip">불러오는 중</span>
+                            <Loading type="spinner" message="" />
                         ) : null}
                         <button
                             className="button ghost small"
@@ -237,22 +238,20 @@ const Stock = () => {
                             return (
                                 <div
                                     key={item.name}
-                                    className={`stock-snapshot__card ${
-                                        highlighted.has(item.name)
-                                            ? 'is-highlight'
-                                            : ''
-                                    }`}
+                                    className={`stock-snapshot__card ${highlighted.has(item.name)
+                                        ? 'is-highlight'
+                                        : ''
+                                        }`}
                                 >
                                     <p>{item.name}</p>
                                     <strong>{item.value ?? '--'}</strong>
                                     <span
-                                        className={`stock-snapshot__change ${
-                                            direction === 'up'
-                                                ? 'is-up'
-                                                : direction === 'down'
-                                                  ? 'is-down'
-                                                  : ''
-                                        }`}
+                                        className={`stock-snapshot__change ${direction === 'up'
+                                            ? 'is-up'
+                                            : direction === 'down'
+                                                ? 'is-down'
+                                                : ''
+                                            }`}
                                     >
                                         {changeText || '--'}
                                     </span>
@@ -332,9 +331,7 @@ const Stock = () => {
                         </p>
                     </div>
                     <div className="stock-panel__actions">
-                        {loading ? (
-                            <span className="stock-chip">불러오는 중</span>
-                        ) : null}
+                        {loading && <span className="stock-chip">Updating...</span>}
                         <span className="stock-chip">
                             국내 {newsDomestic.length} / 해외{' '}
                             {newsOverseas.length}
@@ -342,8 +339,8 @@ const Stock = () => {
                     </div>
                 </div>
 
-                {loading ? (
-                    <p className="stock-empty">뉴스를 불러오는 중...</p>
+                {loading && combinedNews.length === 0 ? (
+                    <Loading type="skeleton" />
                 ) : newsError ? (
                     <p className="stock-empty">{newsError}</p>
                 ) : combinedNews.length === 0 ? (
@@ -353,22 +350,20 @@ const Stock = () => {
                         <div className="stock-tabs">
                             <button
                                 type="button"
-                                className={`stock-tab ${
-                                    newsCategory === 'domestic'
-                                        ? 'is-active'
-                                        : ''
-                                }`}
+                                className={`stock-tab ${newsCategory === 'domestic'
+                                    ? 'is-active'
+                                    : ''
+                                    }`}
                                 onClick={() => setNewsCategory('domestic')}
                             >
                                 국내
                             </button>
                             <button
                                 type="button"
-                                className={`stock-tab ${
-                                    newsCategory === 'overseas'
-                                        ? 'is-active'
-                                        : ''
-                                }`}
+                                className={`stock-tab ${newsCategory === 'overseas'
+                                    ? 'is-active'
+                                    : ''
+                                    }`}
                                 onClick={() => setNewsCategory('overseas')}
                             >
                                 해외
diff --git a/src/routes.jsx b/src/routes.jsx
index c16387c..08978d0 100644
--- a/src/routes.jsx
+++ b/src/routes.jsx
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import React from 'react';
-import Home from './pages/home/Home';
-import Blog from './pages/blog/Blog';
-import Lotto from './pages/lotto/Lotto';
-import Travel from './pages/travel/Travel';
-import Stock from './pages/stock/Stock';
-import StockTrade from './pages/stock/StockTrade';
+import React, { lazy } from 'react';
+
+const Home = lazy(() => import('./pages/home/Home'));
+const Blog = lazy(() => import('./pages/blog/Blog'));
+const Lotto = lazy(() => import('./pages/lotto/Lotto'));
+const Travel = lazy(() => import('./pages/travel/Travel'));
+const Stock = lazy(() => import('./pages/stock/Stock'));
+const StockTrade = lazy(() => import('./pages/stock/StockTrade'));
 
 export const navLinks = [
     {